PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.